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| Quoted reference | About |
|---|---|
| Arbelot, A. (Ed.) (1994). Public Health Engineering in Emergency Situation. Médecins Sans Frontières, Paris, France. | Water testing in emergencies |
| ASCE (1991). Slow sand filtration. Logsdon, G.S. (Ed). American Society of Civil Engineers, New York, USA. | Biological zone depth |
| Ali, M.A.; Badruzzaman, A.B.M.; Jalil, M.A.; Hossain, M.D.; Hussainuzzaman, M.M.; Badruzzaman M.; Mohammad, O.I.; Akter, N. (2001) Development of Low-cost Technologies for Removal of Arsenic from Groundwater. University of Engineering and Technology, Bangladesh. | Arsenic removal with metal coated sand |
| Barnes and Mampitiyarachichi, (1983) Water filtration using rice hull ash. Waterlines, vol. 2, pp.21-3. | Rice hull ash as filter media |
| Barrett, J.M. (1989) Improvement of Slow Sand Filtration of Warm Water by Using Coarse Sand. PhD Thesis, University of Colorado, USA. | Sand size versus effluent quality |
| Bellamy, W.D.; Silverman, G.P.; Hendricks, D.W.; Logsdon, G.S. (1985) Removing Giardia cysts with slow sand filtration. American Water Works Association Journal, 77 (2), p.52. | Giardia removal |
| Bellamy, W.D.; Hendricks, D.W.; Longsdon, G.S. (1985) Slow Sand Filtration: Influences of Selected Process Variables. American Water Works Association Journal 77 (12), pp 62-66. | Sand height and removal efficiency |
| Blackwood, A.D.; Gregory, J.B.; Noble, R.T. (2001) Determining the Quantitative Relationship Between Indicator Bacteria and Viral Pathogens in Recreational Water. Institute of Marine Sciences, University of Carolina, USA. | Reliability of indicator bacteria to show viral removal |
| Brassington, R. (1988). Field Hydrogeology. Wiley and Sons, Chichester. | Sand analysis using settlement jar |
| Brock, T.D.; Madigan, M.T. (1991). Biology of Microorganisms. 6th Edition. Prentice Hall, New Jersey. | Zoogeal description |
| Buzunis, B.J. (1995) Intermittently Operated Slow Sand Filtration: A New Water Treatment Process. MSc Thesis, University of Calgary, Canada. | In-depth study of the intermittent sand filter |
| CWC (1995) Evaluation of Crushed Recycled Glass as a Filtration Medium in Slow Rate Sand Filtration. CWC, Seattle, USA. Full copy of report available to order from www.cwc.org | Alternative filter media |
| Ellis, K.V. (1987). ‘Slow Sand Filtration’, WEDCJ. Developing World Water, Vol 2, pp 196-198. | |
| Ferdausi, S.A.; Bolkland, W. (2000). Design improvement for pond sand filter. WEDC Water, Sanitation and Hygiene: Challenges for the Millennium. 26th WEDC Conference, Dhaka, Bangladesh. | Village pond filter tests |
| Fewster, E.; Mol, A.; Wiessent-Brandsma, C. (2004) The Bio-sand Filter. Long term sustainability: userhabits and technical performance evaluated. Presentation given at the 2003 International Symposium on Household Technologies for Safe Water, 16-17 June 2004, Nairobi, Kenya. | evaluation of field results and assessment of sustainability |
| Frankel, R.J. (1979) Operation of the coconut fibre/burnt rice husks filter for supplying drinking water to rural communities in Southeast Asia. AJPH vol.69, no.1, pp.75-6. | Alternative filter media |
| Gerba, C.P.; Hou, K.; Sobsey, M.D. (1988) Microbial removal and inactivation from water by filters containing magnesium peroxide. J. Environ. Sci. Health. 23, pp.41-58. | pH affecting viral removal via adsorption |
| Global Outreach Student’s Association (GOSA) Guatemala 2001) summary available online | Evaulation of IOSSF field results |
| Gresham, B. (1998) The household slow sand filter. Footsteps, No. 35, June 1998, p.11. | Reasearch on appropriate household slow sand filter |
| Grutzmacher, G.; Bottcher, G.; Chorus, I.; Bartel, H. (2002). Removal of microcystins by slow sand filtration. Wiley periodicals. German federal Environmental Agency (Umweltbundesamt, UBA), Berlin, Germany. Abstract available online. | removal of microcycstins with SSF |
| House, S. J.; Reed, R. A., (1997) Energency Water Sources: Guidelines for selection and treatment, Water, Engineering and Development Centre (WEDC), Loughborough. | Summary of water quality testing parameters |
| Hurd, J.; Tse, L.; Paynter, N.; Smith, M. (2001) Nepal Water Project. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA. Summary avaiable online. | evaluation of IOSSF field results |
| Huisman, L; Wood, W.E. (1974). Slow Sand Filtration. WHO, Geneva, Switzerland. | General continually operated filter info |
| IRC (1981). Small Community Water Supplies: Technology of Small Water Supply Systems in Developing Countries. Hofkes, E.H. (Ed.) Technical Paper Series 18. IRC, Rijswijk, The Netherlands. | Overview of sand filtration, among other processes |
| Kaiser, N,; Liang, K.; Maertens, M; Snider, R. (2002) BSF Evaulation Report. Submitted to Samaritan’s Purse, Canada. | Evaulation of IOSSF field results |
| Lee, T-L. (2001) Biosand household water filter project in Nepal. MSc Thesis, Massachusetts Institure of Technology, USA. | Evaulation of IOSSF field results |
| Liang, K. (1998) A report on the Bio-sand water filter project in the Amazon Basin. Agua de Saude, Santarem, Brazil. | Evaulation of IOSSF field results |
| Logan, A.J.; Stevik, T.K.; Siegrist, R.L.; Rønn, R.N. (2001). Transport and rate of Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts in intermittent sand filters. Wat. Res. Vol. 35, No. 18, pp.4359–4369. | Cryptosporidium removal in intermittent filters |
| Lukacs, H.A. (2002). From Design to Implementation: Innovative Slow Sand Filtration for Use in Developing Countries. MSc Thesis. Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA. | Good section on wet harrowing. |
| Lukasik, J.; Cheng, Y-F.; Lu, F.; Tamplin, M.; Farrah, S.R. (1999) Removal of microorganisms from water by columns containing sand coated with ferric and aluminum hydroxides. Wat. Res. Vol. 33, No. 3, pp.769-777. | Effect of metal oxide coated sand on removals |
| Medair (2000). Evaluation/Final Report – Family Bio-sand Filtration Project in Machakos District, Kenya. June 1999 – September 2000. | Evaulation of IOSSF field results |
| Muhammad, N.; Ellis, K.; Parr, J.; Smith, M.D. (1996) Optimization of slow sand filtration. WEDC Reaching the unreached: challenges for the 21st century. 22nd WEDC Conference, New Delhi, India, 1996. | Sand size (ES) vs filtrate quality with differing flow rates and constant UC. |
| Muhammad, N.; Parr, J.; Smith, M.D.; Wheatley, A.D. (1997) Removal of Heavy Metals by Slow Sand Filtration. Proceedings of the 23rd WEDC International Conference on Water Supply and Sanitation, Durban, South Africa, pp 167-170. | Adsorption of heavy metals in sand filters |
| Muhammad, N.; Parr, J.; Smith, M.D.; Wheatley, A.D. (1998) Adsorption of heavy metals in slow sand filters. 24th WEDC Conference: Sanitation and Water for All, Islamabad, Pakistan, pp.346-9. | Adsorption of heavy metals in sand filters |
| Nam, T.K.; Timmons, M.B.; Montemagno, C.D.; Tsukuda, S.M. (2000). Biofilm characteristics as affected by sand size and location in fluidized bed vessels. Aquacultural Engineering 22, pp.213–224. | Sand size versus biofilm characteristics for 0.23 and 0.60mm sand |
| National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI). (1982) Slow sand filtration. Final project report, Nagpur, India. | Flow rates in continually operated filters |
| National Environmental Engineering Research Institute (NEERI). (1982) Slow sand filtration. Final project report, Nagpur, India. | Flow rates in continually operated filters |
| Ngai, T.; Walewijk, S. (2003) The Arsenic Biosand Filter (ABF) Project: design of an appropriate household drinking water filter for rural Nepal. Final report. Massachusetts Institute of technology and Standford University, USA (2003) | Arsenic removal using the bio-and filter |
| Palmateer, G.; Manz, D.; Jurkovic, A.; McInnis, R.; Unger, S.; Kwan, K.K. and Dutka, B.J. (1999). Toxicant and Parasite Challenge of Manz Intermittent Slow Sand Filter. Environmental Toxicology, vol. 14, pp. 217- 225. | Pathogen data and chemical removal data for intermittent sand filters |
| Paramasivam, R.; Joshi, N.S.; Dhage, S.S. and Tajne, D.S. (1980). Effect of Intermittent Operation of Slow Sand Filters on Filtered Water Quality. Indian Journal of Environmental Health, Vol.22, No.2, pp.136-150. | Intermittent filtration and observed decrease in oxygen levels |
| Poole, B.R. (2001) Point-of-use water treatment for arsenic removal through iron oxide coated sand: application for the Terai region of Nepal. MSc Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, USA. | Arsenic removal in metal-coated sand |
| Rao, D.R.J. (1981) Evolving high rate filter and use of crushed stone as filter media. J. Inst. Eng., vol. 61, pp.92-6 ( India). | Crushed stone as alternative medium for rapid filters |
| Rooklidge, S. J.; Ketchum, L. H. (2002) Corrosion control enhancement from a dolomite-amended slow sand filter. Water Research 36, pp.2689-2694. | Use of dolomite to increase effluent pH |
| Rutledge, S.O.; Gagnon, G.A. (2002) Comparing crushed recycled glass to silica sand for dual media filtration. J. Environ. Eng. Sci. Vol. 1. | Crushed glass as filter medium |
| Schulz, C.R.; Okun, D.A. (1984). Surface water Treatment for Communities in Developing Countries. IT, London. | General overview of rapid sand filtration |
| Shaw, R. (Ed) (1999). Running Water: more technical briefs on health, water and sanitation. Intermediate Technology, London, UK, p.103. | Technical briefs, including overview of treatment processes |
| Snider, R. (1998) Clean Water for Londiani – A Final Report on the Biosand Water Filter Project In East Africa, June 20 – Oct 20, 1998. | Evaulation of IOSSF field results |
| Truesdail, S.E.; Lukasik, J.; Farrah, S.R.; Shah, D.O.; Dickinson, R.B. (1998). Analysis of Bacterial Deposition on Metal (Hydr)oxide-Coated Sand Filter Media. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 203, 369–378. | Effect of metal oxide coated sand on sand filters |
| Wheeler, D. ; Bartman, J. ; Loyd, B.J. (1988) The removal of viruses by filtration through slow sand filtration : recent developments in water treatment technology. Graham, N.J.D. (Ed.) John Wiley & Sons, New York, USA. | Viral removal in sand filters |